| The world changes during deliberation | Relate information and proposed action to the time at which they can matter. |
| Useful action under incomplete knowledge | Preserve distinctions that could change the action without requiring a complete description of the system. |
| Present gain and future choice | Compare what a continuation obtains and what it leaves possible, including its informational effects. |
| Several participants and shared conditions | Keep affected interests, commitments, resources and authority visible before aggregating consequences. |
| Local correction and structural change | Change the part of the explanation or arrangement whose premise failed; preserve sufficient contributions. |
| General explanation and specialized construction | Retain a common question while making the additional assumptions of each field recoverable. |