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A.1.CSD:6 - Bias Annotation
| Bias risk | Failure | Repair |
| Visible-system closure | Only Systems already named by the current project or investigation are considered. | Trace outward from concrete possibilities and challenge the current boundary. |
| High-agency bias | Systems unable to speak, decide, or participate are omitted. | Apply A.1 systemhood and consequence relevance; neither voice nor agency is required. |
| Relation promotion | A plausible arrow becomes an obtaining world-side relation. | Keep the modal path claim distinct; add a separate actuality claim only when its direct predicate and case conditions are supported. |
| Level ladder | Familiar scale words are treated as Systems in a fixed hierarchy. | Recover exact holons, scopes, construction, crossings, and any real whole-reidentification question. |
| Aggregate closure | A total hides changed characteristics, evidence, or receivers on one side. | Preserve the original coordinates and make any aggregate an additional domain result. |
| Causal overread | Sequence, association, or model output is treated as an effect of intervention. | Keep the narrower claim and use C.28 when the receiver relies on causality. |
| Completeness theatre | A long list is presented as exhaustive. | Use a receiver-relative stop and retain the material residual; select additional discovery by its attainable contribution and complete burden. |