C2PA Content Credentials 2.4, April 2026, W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model 2.0, Recommendation 15 May 2025, SLSA 1.2, and in-toto Attestation Framework 1.2 with Statement/v1 | Distinguish subject, issuer or producer, verifier, proof or status, time, inputs, and relying context. Use A.10/G.6 for source and provenance and G.11 for currentness; first-use classification remains separate from those questions. | A valid credential, manifest, signature, attestation, SLSA level, or displayed status does not become truth, permission, gate passage, work, result, or assurance. |
| ISO/IEC/IEEE 15026-2:2022, Systems and software assurance — Part 2: Assurance case | Cited evidence is distinct from the structure and maintenance of an assurance case. For an actual named assurance claim, use B.3 after A.10 source/provenance and bounded-reliance recovery. | Evidence presence, a confidence label, or an A.2.4 classification is not an assurance claim, safety result, readiness result, compliance result, or release confidence. |
| Hernán and Robins, Causal Inference: What If, 2020 book, online 26 April 2024 edition | Distinguish observational data, interventions, target-trial questions, counterfactual outcomes and estimands, identification assumptions, and realized results. C.28 governs the evidence class and causal-use result. | A causal label, model, target-trial analogy, or simulated counterfactual does not establish intervention, identification, realized outcome, or a causal-use verdict. |
| Guizzardi et al., UFO: Unified Foundational Ontology, Applied Ontology 17(1), 2022; related implementation accounts: gUFO usage specification and Almeida et al., gUFO: A Gentle Foundational Ontology for Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs, 2026 preprint | Distinguish kinds and types, roles, relators and relations, events, and situations. In FPF, evidence-use and status-use SlotKinds name relation positions; they do not classify an episteme under a work-facing system-role kind or make it an assignment holder. | External Role, Relator, Situation, or OWL class vocabulary does not import a new FPF kind, replace an obtaining direct relation, or authorize an episteme system-role assignment. |