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A.3.3.PI:3 - Forces
| Force | Tension |
| Compact description and predictive distinctions | Aggregation simplifies a model but can merge states that evolve differently. |
| Observation and model state | A reading reports some aspect of the situation; a prediction may need an unobserved quantity or a distribution over possible values. |
| Present values and history | A past observation can recover a missing distinction, while a long history can make computation expensive. |
| One result and repeated prediction | Information can determine one requested output without supplying a state that can be updated indefinitely. |
| Ideal recovery and measurement error | Algebra can reconstruct hidden values while amplifying errors in the readings used. |
| Additional information and usable uncertainty | A bound can settle a decision before identifying the actual underlying state. |