B.3:1 - Problem frame

Assurance concerns a claim, not the world-side subject in isolation. Begin with one exact target claim, identified by its C.2.1 episteme or ClaimAddress as specified in §4.2, and one named use of an assurance conclusion. The claim’s EntityOfConcern remains the system, episteme, method, work occurrence, relation occurrence, or other exact subject identified by its direct pattern.

For example:

• a battery-pack safety fact and its direct test result remain under their safety, measurement, and test patterns;
• the episteme that states the safety claim remains under C.2.1;
• an assurance result states whether a named argument carries that claim for a named release use;
• a later gate, permission, or release decision remains a separate result.

The word calculus here means a disciplined way to select, combine, and interpret the inputs that the assurance argument actually consumes. B.3 defines no universal arithmetic across systems and epistemes.