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C.16.MR:3 - Forces
| Force | Tension |
| Sought property and observed response | A procedure can transform or disturb what it observes. |
| Available relation and changed conditions | A calibration can save construction work while depending on its arrangement and range. |
| More detail and useful interpretation | Adding an influence costs information and computation; omitting a consequential one changes the answer. |
| Physical and statistical accounts | A deterministic response and a distribution of responses support different inversions. |
| Direct calculation and joint constraints | Some relations give the sought value directly; others require solving several relations together. |
| Planning and obtained measurement | A conditional model can guide an experiment before the data and conditions of an actual measurement exist. |