D.5:10 - SoTA-Echoing

Source line	Practical implication for this pattern
Fairness and bias audit practice	Representation, proxy, metric, visibility, language, and impact concerns must be tied to intended use, affected groups, source-currentness, and accepted residuals.
Causal fairness and causal inference	Associative, interventional, and counterfactual fairness claims need different evidence values and cannot be interchanged by wording.
Assurance and governance practice	An assurance record can support bounded reliance, but does not grant moral permission under unresolved residual harm or replace D.3 and D.4 when interlevel conflict is exposed.
FPF episteme and publication discipline	Bias registers and reports are descriptions or publication-use objects; they do not make the audited object fair by existing.