EXD.3:11 - SoTA-Echoing

Mayer, 2024 supplies human multimedia-design operations including proximity of corresponding words and graphics, signaling, segmentation and preparation of needed concepts. Adapt the operation that addresses the actual instructional difficulty. The principles’ learner, task and presentation conditions remain relevant.

Cromley and Chen, 2025 synthesize 181 studies from 92 articles in Mayer’s 1990–2022 research corpus and examine moderators. Use that evidence to keep choices conditional. It does not establish a universal winner among prose, table, diagram or combined media.

FPF C.37 and ME.22 preserve the general selection and content/form comparison. In the worked case, prose and table carry the same selected relations. The table makes a correspondence spatially explicit; its practical superiority is still a comparison question. Reopen when medium, recipient preparation, access or the relied-on content changes.