| Openness and protection | People need usable channels and appropriate information boundaries; blanket promises of secrecy can be false. |
| Timely resolution and adequate inquiry | Use a proportionate process that preserves applicable rights and decision requirements. |
| Management authority and independent interests | Authority can determine a matter without making every objection invalid or requiring consensus. |
| Informal resolution and institutional duties | A useful conversation can supplement, but cannot displace, a required process or external route. |