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MATH.2:3 - Forces
| Force | Tension |
| Fewer objects and retained operations | Merging objects simplifies reasoning but may erase a distinction used by an operation. |
| A convenient resemblance and an equivalence relation | Closeness or one shared property may suggest a grouping without giving reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity. |
| Total and partial operations | Matching returned classes is enough for a total operation; a partial operation also has an availability condition. |
| Valid quotient and useful answer | An operation can descend to classes while the receiver’s requested quantity cannot. |