NSTD.4:1 - Problem frame

Use this pattern when narrator, voice, viewpoint, focalized object, protagonist, actant, personification, or agency treatment changes what a reader understands, remembers, trusts, blames, or treats as capable of action.

First useful move: state viewpoint or focalized object, what it reveals, what it hides, and whether any source bearer is being personified or treated as an actor.

What goes wrong if missed: viewpoint looks like style while it changes source visibility and responsibility assignment. A structure, institution, model, or document can be written as if it decided, wanted, knew, or authorized.

What this buys: the narrative can use viewpoint and protagonist design without smuggling agency, capability, responsibility, or moral permission.