NSTD.5:1 - Problem frame

Use this pattern when readers lose attention before reaching a needed distinction, remember the wrong feature, or draw unwarranted confidence from an engaging account. It also applies when suspense, identification or another expressive effect is part of the intended experience.

First useful move: name the reader effect that would help, try one device in a short passage and compare it with a sufficient simpler version. Keep the device if its benefit justifies its cost without distorting a relation or choice that matters.

What goes wrong if missed: readers may stop before the useful part, or retain a vivid image while overlooking its limiting condition.

What this buys: attention and motivation directed toward the intended experience or work, with a way to repair distraction and overconfidence.