PHY.5:6 - Bias-Annotation

The worked calculations emphasize classical continuous-time descriptions with explicit laws. The method also applies to choosing physical states and interactions when only a constrained response or statistical account is available. In such cases the first result can be a qualified regime choice or a discriminating physical question.

Time-scale separation is especially convenient and can dominate the choice too early. The spatial chain and changed thermodynamic observable show other reasons to retain a contribution. Quantum coherence, rare transitions and collective behavior require their own physical grounds; the classical examples do not decide them.