PHY.8:6 - Bias-Annotation

The examples emphasize finite statistics and tractable microscopic laws. Collective behavior can involve phase transitions, long-range coupling, non-equilibrium drive and quantum observables that require more specialized calculations. The reusable move is to connect preparation, weighting, dependence and the used observable; the simple example distributions are not defaults for those cases.

A macroscopic discrepancy can also arise from the recording procedure. Return through MMP.7 when the detector’s selection, integration or disturbance changes what is observed.