PSD.12:6 - Bias-Annotation

Scope: robustness and information questions for bounded decision support. Lenses: Epist distinguishes model stability from truth; Prag tests decision relevance; Arch exposes interactions and omitted alternatives; Gov preserves protected conditions and future authority; Did makes reversals and limits readable.

Winner-protection bias selects narrow ranges or convenient criteria. Scenario-count bias mistakes volume for coverage. Variance bias selects a probe that cannot change the decision. Flexibility bias assumes cost-free adaptation. Counter these by declaring the claim, criterion, region, and real response capability before interpreting the result.