PSD.3:1 - Problem frame

Ill-structured situations do not arrive with one neutral problem object waiting to be described. “Insufficient capacity”, “unequal protection”, “maintenance fragility”, and “unsafe deployment” can concern the same pumping arrangement while selecting different bearers, boundaries, evidence, interventions, and consequences. The formulations may conflict, overlap, or remain jointly useful.

The primary concern is to make those decision-bearing differences recoverable before one model or Method absorbs them. Recognition is cheap: one credible rival intervention logic is enough to test plurality. Assurance remains direct for every factual, causal, evaluative, legal, ethical, safety, authority, or source claim used within a formulation.