| How should a practitioner preserve plural framing without losing a usable inquiry? | Treat framing as selection and organization of what matters, externalize materially different formulations, compare their consequences, and revise them as contextual evidence changes. | A fixed sponsor brief is the serious default; unconstrained perspective collection is the opposite default. | The first hides framing commitments and the second cannot stop. Adapt: PSD.3:4.1–4.5 requires structural contrasts, downstream materiality, sources, and a receiving-use stop. | Kelly and Gero’s 2022 framing review supports multiple non-equivalent meanings of design framing; Litster, Cardoso, and Hurst’s 2024 study supports observation of changing externalized team framing; Nickel, Hurst, and Duimering’s 2024 study supports contextual trade-offs. These sources establish neither one framing ontology, universal Method, shared team frame, prevalence, causality, nor superiority. | Reopen if later comparative evidence changes the best-known framing line or if contextual evidence materially changes a retained formulation. |
| What remains specifically PSM work after generic candidate handling is subtracted? | PSM practice retains the construction and facilitation of rival problem formulations for ill-structured situations; FPF supplies direct evidence, relation, identity, and later-choice governors around that result. | Treating formulation as generic brainstorming, alternative generation, or archive management is the serious default. | It loses the relation between a formulation and the concerns, boundaries, evidence, and intervention logic of the receiving inquiry. Adopt: the formulation face in PSD.3:4.3 and the pass-forward boundary in 4.6. | Smith and Shaw’s 2019 review and Kogetsidis’s 2025 review support PSM as a continuing, diverse, facilitated branch for ill-structured situations. Current C.17 characterizes novelty/diversity/use of a named set; current C.18 governs open-ended generation, archives, fronts, descriptors, and telemetry. None proves that one PSM, formulation count, facilitation arrangement, or archive policy is universally sufficient or superior. | Reopen if a direct generic pattern acquires the full PSM-specific construction at equal or lower effort, or if PSM evidence changes the material plurality test. |