Library / Problem Structuring and Decision Support Principles Framework
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PSD.6:4 - Solution

Select by needed contribution and actual applicability, not by a school name or workshop format. Recover what each candidate Method does, compare alternatives at comparable effort, and justify every combination through the meaning of its inputs, outputs, and conditions.

PSD.6:4.1 - State the required result and selection conditions

Use the PSD.4 scope for the same subject and receiving decision when it constrains the selection. Use a PSD.5 model account only where its models, limits, or conflicts can discriminate candidate Methods. Neither input creates a mandatory sequence.

Recover the current facts that can change Method fit: whether the difficulty concerns interpretation, evidence, interconnected choices, values, or action; who can participate and through which channels; what disagreement must remain visible; the available expertise and data; and the time and resource boundary. Obtain consequential participation, competence, safety, and authority premises from qualified direct sources.

A source is useful only for its named subject, condition, and evidence window. If a required scope, model, or participation premise is missing or incompatible, state the exact gap, select a narrower use if defensible, or stop. Do not treat availability of a MethodDescription as evidence that the Method fits.

PSD.6:4.2 - Recover candidate Methods as ways of doing

For each serious candidate, describe the action in plain language: what participants do, with what accepted inputs, to produce which result under which conditions. When the proposed reusable way is already recoverable, use A.3.1 to identify it.

Use A.3.1.MR only when several grounded occurrences or direct sources create a candidate-recovery question about what reusable way the material may show, and no Method has yet been established. It returns provisional source-traceable candidate accounts, a distinguishing question, or an honest lower result; Method identification remains a separate A.3.1 question.

If the way is known and only its wording is unclear, clarify the statement; use E.10 only if an FPF kind or relation question remains. If a prospective recipe lacks a decision about its intended action or applicability, return that missing design question to the person designing the engagement Method. A missing design choice is not by itself a reason to reconstruct past practice.

For a concrete contrast, three grounded inquiry accounts may leave two explanations plausible: a fixed question sequence with local exceptions, or a reusable rule that changes questions when a concern is challenged. That is a candidate-recovery question for A.3.1.MR. A new proposal saying only “interview residents” leaves its intended return and conditions unstated: ask its author to make those design choices, without inventing earlier inquiries. Once the proposed way is sufficiently stated, apply A.3.1 without requiring such a history.

For example, an attributed-mapping Method elicits a participant’s claims, explores their implied connections, checks the rendering with that participant, and retains unresolved differences. A conditional-analysis Method evaluates named alternatives under stated conditions with qualified models and returns consequences and limits. Their labels are insufficient; their actual contributions and applicability make comparison possible.

A source description can explain a Method without demonstrating its effectiveness in this engagement. Keep instructions, reported applications, direct comparative evidence, and practitioner competence distinct. A document about several Methods is not automatically a U.MethodDescription of one composite Method; A.3.2 governs that membership.

PSD.6:4.3 - Compare the simplest sufficient candidate with a real alternative

Choose the comparison dimensions from the required result. The following questions are often decisive:

  • Does the Method reveal the material interpretations, or does it require agreement that is absent?
  • Can it use the available evidence without manufacturing precision?
  • Can affected participants meaningfully contribute or challenge the result through available channels?
  • Does it produce the kind of result the next inquiry needs?
  • Can the needed expertise, time, and resources be provided?
  • What important limitation or failure would remain?

Compare a single sufficient Method, the plausible incumbent, and a bounded combination only when each is a live alternative. Do not turn every engagement into a survey of all PSM families. State the trade-off if a richer result costs more preparation or excludes a faster route. Method popularity, a successful workshop elsewhere, and participant satisfaction do not establish comparative fit here.

If the necessary premise cannot be tested before the receiving decision, select a qualified provisional use or return the limitation. A declared gap is not a low score to be averaged away.

PSD.6:4.4 - Combine contributions through explicit joins

Combine only when the second Method contributes something material the first cannot provide at acceptable effort. Name the result or preserved condition passed between them, its meaning, the receiving precondition, and what happens when the join fails.

An attributed concern map can supply candidate objectives for examination. It cannot supply legitimate numerical weights without the separate elicitation and value assumptions those weights require. A qualitative scenario can supply a condition for technical analysis, not its probability. Keep such conversions as explicit additional work or leave the outputs uncombined.

Recover order from dependence. An analysis may need a specific formulation before it can run, while participation inquiry and technical evidence collection can proceed concurrently once their common question is clear. Their later join still needs compatible subject, conditions, meanings, and limits. Document order, calendar order, and simultaneous use do not establish Method composition.

When the engagement needs one composite U.Method, first identify the whole under A.3.1, then use B.1.5 to qualify its independently identified part Methods and whole-forming claims. State the whole action, applicability, accepted inputs, result, required joins, allowed variations, exposed interactions, and failure or stop conditions. A different part, ordering, or interface outside the permitted variations can identify another Method.

If several Methods are merely coordinated without a recoverable whole, return that bounded arrangement honestly. It may be useful interim planning content, but it is not yet the promised engagement Method. Name the missing whole-action or join question rather than relabeling the activity list.

PSD.6:4.5 - Assess the fragile premise and retain a stop

Examine the assumption most likely to make the selected way unusable: for example, whether a participant can challenge an attributed statement, whether a model accepts the needed scenario, or whether two outputs mean the same thing. Use present support to select a qualified Method or narrow its promised result. When a rehearsal, direct evidence check, or bounded trial could improve that selection, apply C.11.DUA to its obtainable contribution and full cost, delay, access, and burden before commissioning it; A.15.9 governs an outside-practice request.

State what the trial can establish. A successful rehearsal may show that the contribution can be produced under those conditions; it does not demonstrate universal effectiveness or later implementation success. If a required participant, expertise, safeguard, or evidence input is unavailable, adapt the Method within its admitted variation, choose another, narrow the result, or return a blocker.

Continue only while the selected Method can produce its declared result without concealing the unresolved premise. A deadline may justify a narrower return; it does not justify claiming that an omitted contribution was completed.

PSD.6:4.6 - Return the selected Method and limits

Result positionContent the recipient needs
Required useThe subject, receiving question, needed result, and current selection conditions.
Selected MethodIts reusable action, generic participant meanings, preconditions, intended result, and bounds; enough source content to recover that way of doing.
Comparative reasonThe serious alternative, the defect or trade-off that changed selection, and the effort accepted.
Combination, if neededIdentified part Methods, real dependence or overlap, joins and adapters, whole-level conditions, permitted variation, and failure routes.
Reliance limitsWhat the available source and trial evidence establish, what remains untested, and which direct premises are still required.
Reopen basisA changed result need, participant access, evidence, scope, resource, or failed join that would alter the selection.

Keep dated assignments and scheduling in the work plan. Record actual enactment and its results separately. A selected Method is neither a commitment by absent participants nor proof that anyone has enacted it.

Supply this result to facilitated inquiry or the reconciliation of simultaneous engagements only where the same situation and qualification window fit. A receiving practitioner still checks the current conditions; Method availability is not fit, enactment, or cultural uptake.

PSD.6:4.7 - What changes in practice

The practitioner can explain why this way of working fits, which simpler alternative was considered, and where the arrangement would fail. Adaptation becomes a reasoned change of action and conditions instead of an unexamined mixture of workshop exercises.