RMP.Preface:5 - Criticism comes before method prestige

Experimental, field/observational, qualitative/reflexive, historical/source-critical, computational/model, synthesis, and mixed designs expose unlike errors. No family is a universal successor or top rung. RMP.2 asks which relation can expose the live rival, dependence, invalid source use, bias, context loss, or unsupported transfer and what would defeat or narrow the claim.

Real answer-changing alternatives make method capture visible; a numerical quota can invent false alternatives. A missing input holds a particular selection still needed when plausible values change its family, criticism or feasibility. A completed allocation can instead retain that unknown as a limitation of QualifiedNoNewStudy. Obtaining it is a separate commitment. A genuinely post-selection need preserves the selected relation across its full admitted range and the jointly admissible combinations.