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SIE.5:3 - Forces
| Force | Tension |
| Joinability | A common key makes computation easy, while premature merging can create false identity and irreversible provenance loss. |
| Grain | Receivers want one “item”, while wafer, die, device, package, lot, feature, version, and event answer different questions. |
| Time and effectivity | Identity may be stable across one interval, while reuse, replacement, split, merge, and revision change the warranted claim. |
| Authority | Identifier issuers and master-data stewards govern different schemes and decisions; crosswalk custody transfers neither authority. |
| Incomplete evidence | A bounded decision is needed, while some pairs must remain unresolved without blocking independent rows. |
| Reuse | A disposition can help several mappings, while its grain, interval, and use boundary prevent blanket equivalence. |