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Library / First Principles Framework (FPF) - Core Conceptual Specification
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A.14:1 - Problem frame - why an advanced mereology?

Before choosing a relation, identify the candidate part and whole, or the entity and collection. Use their normal identity rules. A local system-role kind, Method, Work occurrence, view, or trace does not become a structural part merely because the text calls it one; use its own pattern unless a separate part claim is established.

Four recurring questions then matter:

  1. Quantities vs. parts. Engineers routinely need “some of the fuel”, “the first 10 pages”, or “a 30% subset of data”. These claims concern measured stuff or extent: use PortionOf when its measure and boundary conditions hold, and account for conservation. State any separately obtaining structural relation independently.

  2. Selected concern vs. structural aspect. Engineers also say “the thermal aspect”, “the safety view”, or “the inspection slice”. A Characteristic, viewpoint, representation, selected partition, or time window does not become a world-side part by that wording. AspectOf is used only for a bearer-dependent structural part distinguished under a named facet rule.

  3. Change vs. replacement. “The prototype before calibration” may be a proper temporal restriction of one unchanged pump. By contrast, “v2 of the spec” first opens C.2.1 identity and, for two different epistemes, its independent edition-continuity test; “shift 1 vs. shift 2” first opens A.15.1 Work-part or occurrence law. None of those labels selects PhaseOf by itself.

  4. Belonging vs. construction. “Vehicle 12 belongs to Fleet North” uses the fleet’s own rule. That sentence alone makes neither the vehicle a constructive part nor the fleet an acting System, and it does not prohibit either separate claim.