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C.28:3 - Forces
| Force | Tension |
|---|
| Causal safety vs affordability | Ordinary claims need a quick screen; consequential claims need replayable support. |
| Formal precision vs readable practice | Graphs, estimands, assumptions, and proofs matter, but a cold reader still needs a clear first action. |
| Identification vs estimation vs realizability | The target may be identifiable but not yet estimated, bounded but not point-identified, or directly sampleable only under special constraints. |
| Domain breadth vs one pattern | Potential outcomes, SCMs, target trials, causal ML, transport, causal RL, representation learning, and fairness use different specialist methods. |
| Shared support vs local authority | Neighbours need the result, but keep their own decision and publication rules. |