CGOV.13:3 - Forces
Governing participants need enough information to exercise their duties, while management needs room to operate under its actual delegation. Important exceptions must arrive in time for a response, but reporting every operational event can hide them.
Results depend on choices, implementation and circumstances beyond the participants’ control. Responsibility for a decision, for performing work and for reporting it may belong to different parties. The cost and delay of investigation also matter: a known correction can be useful before a complete causal explanation is available.