CMP.9:4.5 - Return the useful result and identify what a change invalidates

Return the sample or estimate with the target and qualification its recipient needs. Distinguish samples without replacement, independent repeated draws, correlated states and weighted observations. A retained seed can support replay; uncertainty across repetitions needs genuinely distinct random streams under the assumed generator model.

Check a finite case by deriving or enumerating its output probabilities. A frequency experiment can expose an implementation error, but agreement on a small run does not establish a claimed law for every input.

A changed inclusion rule, target statistic, proposal, random source or stopping rule can invalidate a different part of the construction. Revise that part. Preserve already useful samples only with the correction and dependence account that their new use requires.