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OPS.10:3 - Forces
| Force | Practical tension |
| utilization and timely service | Keeping a resource busy can consume the slack needed to absorb a burst or recover. |
| simple estimates and changing conditions | A mean estimate is cheap; its validity can disappear when mix, timing or availability changes. |
| pooling and capability | Shared time can help only where the resource can perform the required service under its conditions. |
| capacity and reversibility | Extra capacity can be costly or slow to obtain; scheduling and batch changes can be cheaper but have their own consequences. |
| explicit reserve and apparent waste | Unused capacity can look inefficient while protecting a specified response or recovery scenario. |