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OPS.11:3 - Forces
| Force | Practical tension |
| local clarity and cross-structure effects | A narrow view makes one decision easy while hiding a prerequisite or consequence elsewhere. |
| end-to-end coordination and independent authority | The result depends on several decisions, but their authority does not merge. |
| unlike quantities and comparison | Material, time, money, risk and human burden can all matter without having one valid scalar measure. |
| model detail and useful action | More represented relations can increase effort without improving the current choice. |
| stable agreements and changing conditions | A coordinated plan can become infeasible after access, evidence, demand or commitment changes. |