OPS.Preface:4 - Demand, commitments, subjects, and units remain distinct

Demand can enter before Work is admitted. A commitment has parties, content, conditions, horizon, authority, status, and evidence limits. A subject can be a customer, case subject, physical item, release candidate, incident, material, service relation, account, or another exact entity. A Work item, case, batch, transaction, physical item, result, and commitment are not one “flow unit” by default.

Every counted unit needs an identity rule and receiving use. Every measure and queue policy inherits that unit. The foundation patterns therefore make identity and relation gaps visible before later flow, constraint, capacity, quality, or financial decisions use them.