Library / Problem Structuring and Decision Support Principles Framework
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PSD.2:1 - Problem frame

Contested situations rarely present a neutral list of stakeholders. Sponsors, operators, specialists, residents, customers, regulators, future users, and consequence bearers enter through different channels and with unequal time, language, safety, information, and formal power. Some affected Systems cannot speak; some people speak without a supported representative relation; some participants hold duties or authority without bearing the largest consequences.

The primary concern here is not universal participation. It is whether the current inquiry has enough explicit participation and concern recovery to avoid a materially misleading formulation, model, alternative set, comparison, or recommendation. Recognition can begin with one plausible missing bearer or one silenced concern. Consequential claims about harm, duty, representation, evidence, law, safety, or authority still require their direct assurance.