PSD.7:4.3 - Elicit and test meaning before merging claims

Ask for concrete statements: what is happening or might happen, to whom, under which conditions, why it matters, and what would change the speaker’s view. Show how a contribution has been represented and invite its holder to correct the meaning. When useful, ask another participant to restate the claim and let its holder identify the remaining difference.

Separate observations, reported experience, causal hypotheses, preferences, duties, proposed actions, and commitments. A participant may agree that a claim was represented accurately while disagreeing that it is true or desirable. Keep those answers distinct.

Use models and shared displays to make questions discussable. A new connection or translation remains a proposal until its meaning and evidence are established. If two participants use “reliable service” differently, retain the two meanings instead of selecting a single label for convenience.