PSD.9:2 - Problem

Criteria can appear neutral while deciding the result. “Install more pumps” embeds an action in an objective. “Service quality” may count the same avoided outage again under reliability, satisfaction, and reputation. Equal weights may silently favor the concern represented by the largest number of criteria.

Numbers can conceal a second substitution. A budget amount, a probability, an ordinal judgement, and a protected condition become interchangeable entries in a spreadsheet. Normalizing each to zero–one does not establish comparable value. A mean of participants’ weights can erase a disagreement about who bears the consequence or what may be traded at all.