| institutional-status bias | Academic employment, a grant, or a journal is treated as necessary or sufficient. | Apply the same four conditions to corporate, public, independent, academic, and citizen holders. |
| activity-label bias | Searching, testing, measuring, interviewing, coding, or publishing is classified by appearance. | Recover the intended episteme change, uncertainty, criticism, trace, and return. |
| novelty-to-me bias | Missing personal knowledge is called a novel question. | Qualify the current frame and attempt the supplied-answer stop first. |
| favored-answer bias | The desired conclusion sets the question and source cut. | State materially different answers and the criticism that could defeat or narrow the favored claim. |
| protocol bias | Use of a standard protocol is treated as creativity and systematicity. | Ask whether a non-routine choice remains and whether the trace connects question to criticism and return. |
| uncertainty inflation | Schedule, access, process variance, or ordinary execution risk is called epistemic uncertainty. | Name the exact unresolved claim or return the operational constraint to its owner. |
| data-volume bias | More observations are assumed to create a better question. | Define the answer-changing contrast and useful stop before requesting more data. |
| publication bias | Communication through a recognized carrier is treated as proof of research or truth. | Inspect the Work and result relations; keep publication and recognition separate. |
| openness absolutism | Unrestricted release is made a membership condition. | Require a criticism-ready trace and bounded communicability while preserving ethics, rights, confidentiality, safety, security, and community governance. |
| authority leakage | Evidence production is allowed to choose maintenance, policy, release, or personal action. | Name the receiver and use while leaving the decision and values with their direct owner. |
| AI/tool bias | Tool sophistication or fluent synthesis substitutes for source verification and criticism. | Recover exact sources, transformations, human/tool contributions, unsupported claims, and limits. |