| “Everything uncertain is research” | Operational uncertainty may contain no unresolved knowledge claim. | Name the exact episteme change or return the constraint to its owner. |
| “Research happens only in research institutions” | Institution is neither a necessary nor a sufficient relation. | Apply the holder-neutral four-condition test. |
| “A literature search is the study” | Retrieval may already answer the question, or it may be only one supplied input. | Return the exact source result or form a separate criticism-bearing question. |
| “Choose the method, then write the question” | A favored apparatus or design can manufacture its own problem. | Qualify the frame, episteme change, and criticism demand before RMP.2. |
| “Run the standard test to be safe” | Routine qualification can be useful without being research. | Return the test result to its domain owner; reopen only on an unresolved mechanism, validity, transfer, or evidence question. |
| “Systematic means a checklist exists” | Administrative regularity does not make a defeasible question-to-return chain. | Preserve premises, performed moves, deviations, evidence, limits, and stops. |
| “No source result, so explore freely” | A missing load-bearing frame prevents honest membership and question qualification. | Return the exact source/currentness/comparison need and retry condition. |
| “One scientific method fits every question” | Historical, qualitative, observational, computational, experimental, and synthesis questions expose unlike errors. | State the criticism demand here and let RMP.2 compare design families. |
| “The research result decides the action” | Evidence relevance does not transfer values, permission, or authority. | Return the bounded episteme contribution to the receiving owner. |
| “Not research” | The label discards useful routing and hides reopen conditions. | Return the expected result, owner, available material, and exact retry condition. |
| “Apply Frascati as a legal or prestige gate” | Its R&D-statistics purpose and sector rules do not define all holder-neutral research practice. | Use the five criteria as explicitly adapted assurance questions with stated limits. |