| “The role requires these competencies” | The role label hides case variants, conditions, and the exact holder. | Derive claim-sized contributions from representative later Work for the named person. |
| “The course objective is the capability demand” | A learning-product intention is not a later-Work result. | Start with later Work and let a future programme comparison answer the demand. |
| “The MethodDescription proves the Work” | A description states an intended Method; it does not establish enactment, result, or observation. | Preserve its use as a question frame and recover the missing occurrence or qualified representative evidence. |
| “The tool score is the person’s capability” | The score may describe joint or model-dependent performance. | State support conditions and recover direct task evidence and inference limits. |
| “One missing record means no evidence exists” | Direct observations may support the conclusion without a record, while an orphan record may support nothing about the occurrence. | Name the evidence actually consumed and require a record only for a record-dependent use. |
| “The average employee is the holder” | Aggregation erases person, condition, and evidence identity. | Keep individual accounts or an explicit distribution; use E.23.CDI before treating a population whole as holder. |
| “HCD.2 must come next” | Numbering is mistaken for a lifecycle and invites premature programme design. | Route independently to HCD.3 or HCD.4 when their qualified inputs exist; programme comparison needs its own qualified basis and decision. |
| “Poor outcome means training” | Method, tool, assignment, access, organization, nonhuman capability, or specialist causes may dominate. | Return those values to their owners and use HCD.3 only when a diagnostic question remains. |