OPS.22:2 - Problem

An observed outcome depends on the work performed, its support, prior conditions and events that participants did not control. A target adds a judgement of ambition; its attainment ratio therefore combines result and target choice. Counting that ratio as performance can reward easy targets, favorable circumstances or transferred burdens.

Replacing a formula with an unexplained managerial impression creates another failure. Participants cannot correct mistakes or understand what contribution matters. The needed interpretation must expose its grounds and uncertainty, including evidence that weakens a favorable account as well as evidence that qualifies a miss.