| scalar bias | One score hides claim identity, critical errors, support dependence, and uncertainty. | Keep claim rows; aggregate only when the receiving decision loses nothing material. |
| ladder bias | Current, intermediate, and target states become a universal maturity path. | Use intermediate descriptions only when decision-useful and condition-qualified; distinguish intended targets from observed states. |
| curriculum bias | Course order becomes capability architecture. | Recover simultaneous later-Work contributions and keep curriculum future and separate. |
| source-layout bias | A Method hierarchy, Work order, organization chart, or dashboard becomes the profile. | Recover contributions and their mutual constraints from simultaneous Work. Use a corresponding source structure only when that correspondence is justified for the profile question. |
| tool-score bias | A model prediction or assisted result becomes human mastery. | Bind the prediction to its task, data, support posture, uncertainty, and direct evidence. |
| deficit-only bias | Strong claims disappear while one gap is amplified. | State what must be preserved and the trade-off created by prioritizing the gap. |
| chooser bias | A manager, platform, or assisting System is treated as the chooser without a current choice relation. | Name DecisionSubject and granularity; route unresolved agency to A.13. |
| probe-for-free bias | More information is always requested. | Name budget, cost, decision-changing value, and the condition for stopping. |
| authority collapse | A profile recommendation becomes authorization, employment action, safety choice, or commitment. | Keep comparison, ChoiceResult, authorization, commitment, and later Work separate. |